Egyptian Art part3

Egyptian Art part3

 

The preoccupation with death and funeral art is now turning out to be a great help to the fields of Egyptian Archeology and Egyptian mythology, as well as to other scientists and artists. Funeral art is revealing more and more secrets about health, trade, food, and other aspects of life in ancient Egypt with the use of cutting edge technology.

Some of the materials theat the Egyptians used were: Clay,Wood,Metal,Ivory,Stone – (Hard Stone)- quartzite, diorite, granite, and basalt. Soft stone – sandstone, calcite and schist.

Wood – artists also used a variety of woods in their work. – Native acacia, tamarisk, and sycamore fig as well as fir, cedar and other conifers imported from Syria.

Metal – Also executed pieces in various of different metals – copper, copper alloys (bronze), gold, and silver.

Faience – many objects, like small amulets and inlays, were made from Egyptian faience.

Stone was the most lavish and permanent. Available in a wide variety of colours and hardness.
Some materials were imported from all around and some were from local surroundings.

They used to carve on softer stones and when it was done, they used copper chisels and stone tools: copper alloys, and abrasive sand to shape them.

Polishing stone was achieved with a smooth rubbing stone and abrasive sands with a fine grit.

 

Egyptian sculpture has two qualities that are distinctive, it can be characterized as cubic and frontal.

These were some of their tools they they used to carve with and measure.








Bibliography:
Egyptvoyager.com: Development of Ancient Egyptian Art. 2013. Egyptvoyager.com: Development of Ancient Egyptian Art. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.egyptvoyager.com/artcrafts_egyptianart_mainpage.htm. [Accessed 21 May 2013].
What is ancient Egyptian art?. 2013. What is ancient Egyptian art?. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/art/whatisaeart.html. [Accessed 21 May 2013].



Egyptian Art

Egyptian Art

 

Egyptian Art started around 5 thousand years ago.  Art developed in Egypt from 3000BC until the 3^rd Century. In Egypt they used to have hieroglyphs that were symbols engraved, such as are seen in the picture on the right. Their painting had the bodies of the people looking forward while their faces would be looking right or left-from profile in which in reality is almost impossible to do.

 

Egyptian art was for purposes and it played a significant part on the gods and the dead people.

 

 

This image above shows a painting that the Egyptians did and it has some characteristics that only the Egyptians do such as the people from the profile but their bodies facing us. They used several colours for their paintings suc as yellow, blue, orange, green, brown, black and white.

Egyptian art includes: paintings, sculptures and architecture. Also the culture, the characteristics and the development included in the Egyptian Art. The painting was really symbolic, even the sculptures. They used to make a lot of symbolisms such as the Pharaoh's Regalia that was symbolized to his power to maintain order.

The colours tat they used were more expressive than natural, for example the red skin was referred to the youngsters while yellow skin was used for women or middle-aged men who worked indoors and the blue or gold indicated divinity because it was unnatural in the appearance.  

 

 

Egyptian art fors are characterized by depiction of gods, humans, heroic battles and nature. The Egyptians preserved everything from the past. The Egyptians were consistent in representing the gods, pharaoh's, man and nature for thousands of years.

 

 

Bibliography:

 

http://www.google.com.mt/imgres?imgurl=http://animhut.animhut.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/050216_rfoster_mp_his_egypt0048.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.animhut.com/articles/design-history-egyptian-art-episode-4/&h=491&w=800&sz=673&tbnid=pkoUr-HXf_otyM:&tbnh=90&tbnw=147&zoom=1&usg=__9zukDpLwIlHqvlfCBAuuS910BOY=&docid=m8MPYPkX3BWwoM&hl=en&sa=X&ei=AF6aUZrVDMi0PI22gSA&sqi=2&ved=0CDYQ9QEwAg&dur=3093

Art of ancient Egypt - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 2013. Art of ancient Egypt - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. [ONLINE] Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_of_ancient_Egypt. [Accessed 20 May 2013].

The Pre-Raphaelites

The Pre-Raphaelites

 

The pre-raphaelites constituted the modern art movement. Some of thie pre-raphaelites members were:  John Everett Millais , William Holman hunt and Dante Gabriel Rossetti. ''Pre-raphaelite,'' means both literature and art and so it was a bit confusing as both movements were the opposite of each other.


These people were inspired by Italian art of the 14th and 15th Century.

 

 

 

The Academy's founding president was Sir Joshua Reynolds. The work of the Pre-raphaelites was intensely sharp, flattened forms and with a lack of shadows. Some of the artists were in a brotherhood, although the experienced didn't serve much to unite them. In the 1850's, the brotherhood dissolved but some of the artists still remained friends and worked together for the rest of their career.

 

The pre-raphaelites began to décor more their works and by so they started to be more interested in decorative arts. The movement ,''Arts and Crafts,'' unified the arts in the 1880's and took place in England.

 

 

Bibliography:

Lecture's notes

Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood -- Encyclopedia Britannica. 2013. Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood -- Encyclopedia Britannica. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/474248/Pre-Raphaelite-Brotherhood. [Accessed 02 May 2013].

pre-raphaelites - Google Search. 2013. pre-raphaelites - Google Search. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.google.com.mt/search?q=pre-raphaelites&hl=en&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=rlOaUdGmKsfLPcb3gZAF&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAQ&biw=1188&bih=667#imgrc=9OWVgRsQta3O2M%3A%3BWrXa-oGqmNiYPM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fi.telegraph.co.uk%252Fmultimedia%252Farchive%252F02327%252Frossetti_2327293b.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%252Fculture%252Fart%252Fart-features%252F9517270%252FPre-Raphaelites-Tate-Britain-exhibition-visions-that-tell-us-who-we-are.html%3B620%3B387. [Accessed 20 May 2013].

The Pre-Raphaelites | Thematic Essay | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2013. The Pre-Raphaelites | Thematic Essay | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/praf/hd_praf.htm. [Accessed 20 May 2013].



Abstract Expressionism

Abstract Expressionism

 

 

It emerged in the 1940's in New York. Some of the artists began in the 1930's. Some paintings hadn't much effort done in them, they weren't all abstract or expressive.The word, ''Abstract Expressionism,'' was first used by Robert Coates.

This movement was held during the World War 2. Abstract Expressionism was also used in Germany and not only in America. This was regarding to German Expressionism. Alfred Barr was the first person to use the term, ''Abstract Expressionism.''

Hans Hofmann used to make colourful canvases. The work of the artists was linked to give strong emotional and expressive content. Abstract Expressionism was primarily used for painters but it was also used in the sculptures of David Smith, Ibram Lassaw and some others as well.

This type of art was the first American visual art to gain status and influence. The pioneers of this movement were:  Jackson Pollock and his partner Lee Krasner, Mark Rothko, Willem de Kooning, Clyfford Still, Franz Kline, Arshile Gorky, Robert Motherwell, Barnett Newman and Philip Guston and together they formed a New York school.

The main focus of this movement was the colour, the relationship between the paint and the canvas and the process.

 

This image above is an example of Abstract Expressionism. This movement was created by the process of abstraction and expressionist. It became less popular in the 1960's because Pop art, a new movement, was newer and they focused more on that movement instead of Abstract Expressionism.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bibliography:

Abstract Expressionism | Thematic Essay | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2013. Abstract Expressionism | Thematic Essay | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/abex/hd_abex.htm. [Accessed 19 May 2013].

 

ArtLex on Abstract Expressionism. 2013. ArtLex on Abstract Expressionism. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/a/abstractexpr.html. [Accessed 19 May 2013].

MoMA | The Collection | Abstract Expressionism. 2013. MoMA | The Collection | Abstract Expressionism. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.moma.org/collection/theme.php?theme_id=10051. [Accessed 20 May 2013].

Abstract Expressionism - Modern art history. 2013. Abstract Expressionism - Modern art history. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.allbuyart.com/art-movement-abstract-expressionism.asp. [Accessed 20 May 2013].

abstract expressionism - Google Search. 2013. abstract expressionism - Google Search. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.google.com.mt/search?q=abstract+expressionism&bav=on.2,or.r_cp.r_qf.&bvm=bv.46751780,d.ZWU&biw=1188&bih=667&pdl=300&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hl=en&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi&authuser=0&ei=YlyaUYC8FYSfO5_ogJgB#imgrc=fzsD_lZeRiFtuM%3A%3BJCziDj1eFzftSM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.metmuseum.org%252Ftoah%252Fimages%252Fh2%252Fh2_57.92.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.metmuseum.org%252Ftoah%252Fhd%252Fabex%252Fhd_abex.htm%3B500%3B253. [Accessed 20 May 2013].

Bauhaus

Bauhaus

The Bauhaus was founded in 1919. The Bauhaus gave us a better and easier life by producing better products such as the kettle and a comfortable chair. It had a combination of both education and design. Paul Klee, Vasily Kandinsky and Josef Albers were some of the artists of the Bauhaus.

It has over 400 works by 100 teachers that include architecture, ceramics, costume design, furniture, graphic design, industrial design, painting, photography, sculpture and textiles.

The Bauhaus movement was considered a radical step towards modernism. The Bauhaus was in 3 different locations, Weimer-Germany from 1919-1925, Dessau-Germany from 1925-1932  and Berlin-Germany from 1932-1933. It was required from the students that first they should finish a certain course before they could specialize into the workshops.

The Bauhaus chose some teachers to not only teach but to be as an inspiration and motivation.

Kandinsky used a lot of geometric shapes in his paintings, he used squares, circles, triangles and zigzags to show his creativity. His most important piece was the ''Yellow Red Blue'' as he used primary colours to show the relationship between them.





Bibliography:
The Bauhaus, 1919–1933 | Thematic Essay | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2013. The Bauhaus, 1919–1933 | Thematic Essay | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/bauh/hd_bauh.htm. [Accessed 25 April 2013].
MoMA - Explore Bauhaus. 2013. MoMA - Explore Bauhaus. [ONLINE] Available at:
Bauhaus: Ninety Years of Inspiration | Smashing Magazine. 2013. Bauhaus: Ninety Years of Inspiration | Smashing Magazine. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.smashingmagazine.com/2009/08/02/bauhaus-ninety-years-of-inspiration/. [Accessed 08 May 2013].
http://www.moma.org/interactives/exhibitions/2009/bauhaus/Main.html. [Accessed 07 May 2013].
Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar and Dessau - UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 2013. Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar and Dessau - UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [ONLINE] Available at: http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/729. [Accessed 07 May 2013].

Surrealism

Surrealism

 

Surrealism began in the late 1910's and early 20's. It became an international intellectual and political movement. Some of the artists were: Breton, Louis Aragon, Paul Eluard and Philippe Soupault. It grew out of Dada. Surrealism was based on positive expression.

The Surrealists had a leader who was, ''Pope of Surrealism,'' who was a French writer. His name is Andre Breton. Some combine the word, ''surreal,'' with the strange things that happen in our dreams.

This image above is an example of Surrealism, it has strange stuff such as the girl is playing the piano in a form of a house with candles on top and the house is burning.

Surrealism was influenced by Sigmund Freud.










Bibliography:
WebMuseum: Surrealism. 2013. WebMuseum: Surrealism. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/glo/surrealism/. [Accessed 15 May 2013].
Surrealism - Art History Basics on Surrealism - Early 1920s to the Present. 2013. Surrealism - Art History Basics on Surrealism - Early 1920s to the Present. [ONLINE] Available at: http://arthistory.about.com/od/modernarthistory/a/Surrealism-Art-History-101-Basics.htm. [Accessed 16 May 2013].
Surrealism and Visionary art. 2013. Surrealism and Visionary art. [ONLINE] Available at: http://surrealistisch.blogspot.com/. [Accessed 16 May 2013].

Dada

Dada

 



Dada was an artistic movement in Europe during World War 1. The word, 'Dada,' means either hobby horse or baby talk. They had difficulties trying to find the name. It had only ne rule that is never to follow any rules. The Dadaists wanted to create an emotional reaction.

Abstraction and Expressionism were the main influences in the Dadaist art. Dada was also part of Surrealism. It finished when it was in danger of becoming "acceptable.''

The Dadaists were furious with the modern society. They decided to protest through art. Their art had no meaning, as it was really weird and different from the others. The most outrageous painting was done by Marcel Duchamp as he painted a moustache on a copy of Mona Lisa and wrote rude words underneath it. This same person also created a sculpture called, ''Fountain,'' in which in reality it was a urinal with a fake signature.

People repulsed the Dada movement and by so, the Dadaists were more encouraged to continue.
This movement was spread from Zurich to other parts in Europe. Some adjectives that would describe this movement would be:  sarcastic, funny, colorful, different and silly. Dada hadn't the usage of only one medium, the Dadaists used glass, plaster, wooden reliefs and other medium too.

--Richard Huelsenbeck
'Art is dead. Long live Dada.'






Bibliography:
Dada - Art History Basics on the Dada Movement - 1916-1923. 2013. Dada - Art History Basics on the Dada Movement - 1916-1923. [ONLINE] Available at: http://arthistory.about.com/cs/arthistory10one/a/dada.htm. [Accessed 08 May 2013].
Dada and dadaism : history of the Dada movement. 2013. Dada and dadaism : history of the Dada movement. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.dadart.com/dadaism/dada/020-history-dada-movement.html. [Accessed 14 May 2013].